QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Regeneration, as a process consists of two distinct processes, namely: the command and control and the tracking process, just like in all industrial applications we have ordered sizes and interpreted sizes. For this reason, in the regeneration, desulphation process will be made repetitive operations of loading, unloading, testing, analysis and inevitably followed by the last operation, the charge. The regeneration process is strictly related to:

• the concentration of sulfuric acid (density)
• battery internal resistance
• voltage on each element

Depending on the specific design, some types of regeneration devices can remove sulphur, rust and other impurities. The regeneration operation may cause batteryrecovery of around 85% - 95% depending on the initial state of battery degradation, the structure model and the equipment used for regeneration. Extending battery lifespan is largely influenced by the interest in its maintenance.

The length of the regeneration process strictly depends on the structural characteristics of the battery and degree of its impairment and can vary between 12h and 48h except the required time regarding the handling, analysis, and group batteries on degrees of impairment, process preparation. Often it is necessary to repeat the regeneration process and if it is found any differences between the cells as degree of damage, then again the time of regeneration will increase with the required time of equalization process of capacity. For example, in the case of a car battery regeneration, the time required is approximately 12h while in case of a battery storage, you may need a 40h cycle.D

There can be regenerated any type of batteries based on lead, and in this category are the starter batteries, traction, storage grouped in: batteries with liquid (sulfuric acid), SLI (Start, Lighting & Ignition), FDC (Flooded Deep-Cycle) and SLA (Sealed Lead acid) or GEL (gelled Electrolyte), AGM (Absorbed Electrolyte) and VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead acid).

Common causes that may lead in time to loss the functionality of a battery are as follows:

• Charging using currents of higher values than the allowed limit - the practice leads to an increase in battery temperature above the limit allowed by the producer and consequently the loss of water, gel, premature drying of the separators.
• Charging using currents of low values, below the recommended limit – this practice leads in time to a pronounce, early sulfation
• Storage on long-term the battery in discharged state - is similar to a load using the low levels of current, the effect being similar, namelysulfation, corrosion
• Over-discharge damages the anode
• Faulty operation leads to mechanical problems. In this case, partial or total loss of function is abrupt and the possibilities of remedying the defect usually are limited

Only defects due to battery sulfation can be regenerated.

Lead-acid batteries can be one of the determining factors in terms of operating costs. Thus, a battery with a large capacity and a long lifespan can be the "key to success".

Lead-acid battery performances depend on a set of criteria such as:

• Working environment conditions
• The number of cycles charge – discharge
• Electric charge
• Maintenance conditions
• The quality of the battery

• Graphics of download are obtained to see the regeneration behaviour.
• They are measured and compared to the specific values:
• Internal resistance
• Relative capacity
• Specific densities (where applicable)
• Testing through a discharger, with IGBT technology, thatproduces a controlled discharge, resulting in the battery discharge curve and thus itscapacity.